Table 1 Characteristics of retrospectively assessed ARDS studies regarding ARDS subphenotypes: study design, analysis method, mortality, reaction to treatment, clinical variables, and biomarkers that differentiated best between subphenotypes of ARDS
From: The discovery of biological subphenotypes in ARDS: a novel approach to targeted medicine?
| Country | Study design and analysis methodAnalysis method | 90-day mortality | Evaluation of reaction among P2/P1 to | Clinical variables | Blood parameters | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ARMA, n = 473 ALVEOLI, n = 549 | USA (NHLBI) |
RCT LCA |
ARMA P2 44% P1 23% ALVEOLI P2 51% P1 22% | ALVEOLI: application of PEEP |
Circulatory: heart rate, BPm, vasoactive use Respiratory: minute ventilation, Pplat, PEEP |
Inflammation: IL-6, IL-8, sTNFR-1, CRP, WCC Coagulation: PAI-1, protein C, platelets Endothelial: Ang-2, ICAM-1, vWF Others: bilirubin, bicarbonate, PaCO2, albumin, glucose |
| MARS, n = 700 | NL |
Observational cohort Clustering methods |
P2 37.7% P1 21.6% | Macrolide Antibiotics | None |
Inflammation: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-y Enothelial: Ang-1, Ang-2 Coagulation: PAI-1, antithrombin |
| FACTT, n = 1000 | USA (NHLBI) |
RCT LCA |
P2 45% P1 22% | Fluid strategy |
Circulatory: heart rate, BPs, vasoactive use Respiratory: minute ventilation, airway pressure, PEEP |
Inflammation: IL-6, IL-8, TNFR-1, IFN-y Coagulation: PAI-1, protein C, platelets Endothelial: Ang-2, vWF Lung epithelial: RAGE Others: bilirubin, bicarbonate, creatinine, PaCO2, albumin, glucose, glucose |
| SAILS, n = 745 | USA (NHLBI) |
RCT LCA |
P2 37.6% P1 21.4% | Rosuvastatin |
Circulatory: heart rate, BPs, vasoactive use Respiratory: minute ventilation, respiratory rate, pulmonary risk factors others: urinary output |
Inflammation: IL-6, IL-8, sTNFR-1, WCC Coagulation: protein C, platelets, PAI-1, platelets Endothelial: ICAM-1 others: bilirubin, bicarbonate, creatinine, PaCO2, albumin, glucose |
| HARP, n = 539 | UK/IR |
RCT LCA |
P2 47% P1 22% | Simvastatin |
Circulatory: vasoactive use Pulmonary: PF ratio |
Inflammation: IL-6, sTNFR-1 Coagulation: platelets Others: creatinine, bilirubin |
| Kitsios et al., n = 212 | USA (NHLBI) |
Observational cohort LCA |
ARDS P2 44% P1 22% ARFA P2 53% P1 18% | None |
Circulatory: BPs, heart rate Pulmonary: PEEP, Pplat, PF ratio, respiratory rate, PF ratio Others: temperature |
Inflammation: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFR-1, WCC, PCT Coagulation: protein C, platelets Endothelial: ICAM-1, Ang-2 Lung epithelial: RAGE Others: creatinine, PaCO2, ST-2; fractalkine, pentraxin3, pH art |