Table 6 Risk factors for AKI development in heart failure
From: The Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for acute kidney injury 2016
| Reference | Author, year | Independent risk factors | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aging | Diabetes | Cardiac dysfunction | Cerebrovascular disease | CKD (renal dysfunction) | Proteinuria | NGAL elevation | NT-pro-BNP elevation | Diuretics dose/resistance | Hypertension (> 160 mmHg) | Hypotension (< 90 mmHg) | Hyponatremia (< 130 mmol/L) | ≥ 3 admissions for AHF | Hemoconcentration by diuretics | ||
| [70] | Amin et al. 2010 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||||||
| [71] | Wang et al. 2013 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||||
| [72] | Zhou et al. 2012 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | ||||||||
| [73] | Soyler et al. 2015 | ○ | |||||||||||||
| [422] | Testani et al. 2010 | ○ | |||||||||||||
| [75] | Aghel et al. 2010 | ○ | |||||||||||||
| [423] | Pfister et al. 2010 | ○ | ○ | ||||||||||||
| [76] | Belziti et al. 2010 | ○ | ○ | ○ | |||||||||||